entropy change in the arbitrary process may now be represented as working in the Carnot cycle. When a system is taken through a series of different states and finally returned to its initial state, a thermodynamic cycle is said to have occurred. A Carnot cycle is shown in Figure 3.4.It has four processes.

The P–V diagram of the reversed Carnot cycle is the same as for the Carnot cycle except that the directions of the processes are reversed.It can be seen from the above diagram, that for any cycle operating between temperatures In other words, maximum efficiency is achieved if and only if no new entropy is created in the cycle, which would be the case if e.g. Known : Low temperature (T L) = 400 K. High temperature (T H) = 600 K. Heat input (Q 1) = 600 Joule. an ideal gas, represented by a closed curve in the p-V plane. The Carnot cycle is the most efficient engine possible based on the assumption of the absence of incidental wasteful processes such as friction, and the assumption of no conduction of heat between different parts of the engine at different temperatures. for other substances. Heat is absorbed from the low-temperature reservoir, heat is rejected to a high-temperature reservoir, and a work input is required to accomplish all this. Based on graph above, what is the work done by engine in a cycle? the same efficiency, independent of the working substance. Let us take an example related to it. For any cyclic process, there will be an upper portion of the cycle and a lower portion.
In a Carnot cycle, the system executing the cycle undergoes a series of four internally reversible processes: two isentropic processes (reversible adiabatic) alternated with two isothermal processes:. isentropic compression – The gas is compressed adiabatically from state 1 to state 2, where the temperature is T H.The surroundings do work on the gas, … Carnot cycle – problems and solutions. The amount of energy transferred as work is small and thus exactly match the arbitrary shape. = The process 2 3 is a polytropic process. However, a systematic set of theories of the conversion of thermal energy to motive power by steam engines had not yet been developed. Isothermal expansion at ; gas absorbs heat .

We start with the basic result for the reversible adiabatic expansion For a clockwise cycle, the area under the upper portion will be the thermal energy absorbed during the cycle, while the area under the lower portion will be the thermal energy removed during the cycle. The total If heat absorbed by the engine (Q 1) = 10,000 Joule, what is the work done by the Carnot engine? There are two adiabatic reversible legs and two isothermal reversible legs. The Carnot cycle is the most efficient engine possible based on the assumption of the absence of incidental wasteful processes such as friction, and the assumption of no conduction of heat between different parts of the engine at different temperatures. T 1 = T 2 = 25 °C V 1 = 0.002 m 3 = = = × . Our 1) You may use almost everything for non-commercial and educational use.2) You may not distribute or commercially exploit the content, especially on another website.This website was founded as a non-profit project, build entirely by a group of nuclear engineers. Carnot Cycle Quiz Solution 1. Reverse Carnot cycle is most efficient between the fixed temperature limits yet no refrigerator could be made using this cycle. In adiabatic processes II and IV, q=0.

Using properties of the reversible adiabatic expansion of the ideal In a Carnot cycle, the system executing the cycle undergoes a series of four internally reversible processes: two isentropic processes (reversible adiabatic) alternated with two isothermal processes:. This time, the cycle remains exactly the same except that the directions of any heat and work interactions are reversed. Thus, ∆T and ∆S of each process in the Carnot cycle are shown in Table \(\PageIndex{2}\).The Carnot cycle is the most efficient engine possible based on the assumption of the absence of incidental wasteful processes such as friction, and the assumption of no conduction of heat between different parts of the engine at different temperatures. Wanted: Work done by Carnot engine (W) Solution: The efficiency of the Carnot engine : Work was done by Carnot engine : W … Figure 1.9 shows the intercooled regenerative-reheat cycle, which approaches this optimum cycle in a … reversible stages. The Carnot cycle is the optimum cycle and all cycles attempt to reach this optimum. Wanted: Work was done by Carnot engine (W) Solution : The efficiency of the Carnot engine : Work done by Carnot engine : W = e Q 1. The simplest example of a cyclic process in the T-S plane is the so-called Carnot cycle, and it is shown in Fig. The efficiency of the carnot engine is defined as the ratio of the energy output to the energy input.\[\begin{align*} \text{efficiency} &=\dfrac{\text{net work done by heat engine}}{\text{heat absorbed by heat engine}} =\dfrac{-w_{sys}}{q_{high}} \\[4pt] &=\dfrac{nRT_{high}\ln\left(\dfrac{V_{2}}{V_{1}}\right)+nRT_{low}\ln \left(\dfrac{V_{4}}{V_{3}}\right)}{nRT_{high}\ln\left(\dfrac{V_{2}}{V_{1}}\right)} \end{align*}\]Since processes II (2-3) and IV (4-1) are adiabatic,\[\left(\dfrac{T_{2}}{T_{3}}\right)^{C_{V}/R}=\dfrac{V_{3}}{V_{2}}\]\[\left(\dfrac{T_{1}}{T_{4}}\right)^{C_{V}/R}=\dfrac{V_{4}}{V_{1}}\]\[\text{efficiency}=\dfrac{nRT_{high}\ln\left(\dfrac{V_{2}}{V_{1}}\right)-nRT_{low}\ln\left(\dfrac{V_{2}}{V_{1}}\right)}{nRT_{high}\ln\left(\dfrac{V_{2}}{V_{1}}\right)}\]\[\boxed{\text{efficiency}=\dfrac{T_{high}-T_{low}}{T_{high}}}\]The Carnot cycle has the greatest efficiency possible of an engine (although other cycles have the same efficiency) based on the assumption of the absence of incidental wasteful processes such as friction, and the assumption of no conduction of heat between different parts of the engine at different temperatures.